A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin 5 mg/kg/day. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat seizures. It is important for the nurse to assess the patient’s medical history, current medications, and allergies before administering phenytoin. The nurse must also calculate the correct dosage of phenytoin and prepare the medication safely.
This article will provide a comprehensive guide on how to administer phenytoin 5 mg/kg/day.
Patient Assessment
Assessing the patient’s medical history, current medications, and allergies is crucial before administering phenytoin. This information helps identify potential drug interactions, contraindications, and allergies that may affect the patient’s safety.
Determining Patient Weight and Phenytoin Dosage
- Obtain the patient’s weight accurately using a calibrated scale.
- Calculate the appropriate phenytoin dosage based on the prescribed dose of 5 mg/kg/day. For example, for a patient weighing 70 kg, the daily dosage would be 70 kg x 5 mg/kg = 350 mg/day.
Medication Preparation
Preparing the Phenytoin Solution
- Calculate the volume of phenytoin solution needed based on the prescribed dosage and the concentration of the available solution.
- Dilute the phenytoin solution with an appropriate diluent, such as sterile water for injection or normal saline, to the prescribed concentration.
Labeling and Storage
- Label the medication vial clearly with the patient’s name, the drug name, the dose, the route of administration, and the date and time of preparation.
- Store the phenytoin solution at the recommended temperature and light conditions, as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
Administration Techniques
Routes of Administration
- Oral:Phenytoin can be administered orally as tablets or capsules.
- Intravenous (IV):Phenytoin can be administered intravenously as a slow IV infusion.
- Intramuscular (IM):Phenytoin can be administered intramuscularly as an injection.
Monitoring During and After Administration
- Monitor the patient’s vital signs, including blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate, during and after administration.
- Observe the patient for any signs of adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, or drowsiness.
Adverse Effects and Monitoring: A Nurse Is Preparing To Administer Phenytoin 5 Mg/kg/day
Potential Adverse Effects, A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin 5 mg/kg/day
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Drowsiness
- Ataxia
- Nystagmus
Monitoring Serum Phenytoin Levels
- Monitor the patient’s serum phenytoin levels regularly to ensure therapeutic efficacy and minimize the risk of toxicity.
- Therapeutic serum phenytoin levels typically range from 10 to 20 mcg/mL.
Patient Education
Importance of Patient Education
Educating patients about phenytoin is essential to ensure proper medication adherence, recognize and manage potential side effects, and prevent adverse events.
Patient Education Content
- Purpose of phenytoin and its expected effects.
- Correct administration technique, including dosage, frequency, and route of administration.
- Potential side effects and how to manage them.
- Importance of regular follow-up appointments and serum phenytoin level monitoring.
FAQ Resource
What are the potential adverse effects of phenytoin?
The potential adverse effects of phenytoin include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and rash.
How should phenytoin be stored?
Phenytoin should be stored at room temperature in a light-resistant container.
How long does it take for phenytoin to start working?
Phenytoin typically starts working within 30 minutes to 2 hours.
